华慧考博英语阅读6选6题型的做题方法
华慧考博英语阅读6选6题型的做题方法
英语阅读6选6的出题形式是给考生一篇短文，文中设有6处空缺，选项部分提供6个待选段落，要求考生从备选选项中选出合适的选项分别填入原文的空缺中，以恢复成一篇完整的文章，使短文意思通顺，前后连贯。此题主要考查考生对文章的整体内容和结构以及上下文逻辑意思的推理，即理解文章主旨，掌握段落大意和上下文语境，重点考查逻辑思维能力。做阅读6选6时，建议考生分三步走：
1)快速阅读全文要点词句，包括首尾段、首尾句以及独立成段的句子和文章中带转折词的句子等，目的是掌握文章的主要内容。
但是由于文章中空缺了五处，文章的整个结构和逻辑是被打断了的，因此在短时间内掌握文章要点或逻辑思路是很困难的。因此这一步可能对很多考生来说会花费很多时间。如果感觉困难而且收获不大，可直接进入第二步，即一开始就边阅读边分析做题。
2)边读边做题，重点阅读各个问题附近的句子，圈定线索词，然后从选项中寻找相关的特征词，以确定答案。做题时可以采用代入排除法。如果一题做不出或拿不准，可先放过，继续往下读，先做容易的能做出的题，直到读完整篇文章。至此，文章的要点和主旨、各个段落之间的逻辑关系应基本清楚了。
3)重新阅读相关词句，重点做刚才没做出的题或不确定的题，此时可将已选出的答案代入原文，利用排除法。同时检查核对已选出的答案，看文章从内容上是否语义连贯合理，语篇结构上是否通顺连贯、具有一致性、合乎逻辑，写作思路是否清晰明了，格式以及用语是否恰当贴切。如果所选的答案可以满足上述标准，则表明各个问题的答案基本正确。
下面华慧考博老师以一篇实际文章为例，帮助各位考生更好地把握做题方法和步骤。
Bed Confessions
BED. It’s something shared by men and women in more ways than one. BED, or Binge Eating Disorder, has become an emotional and health concern for men across the United States. This eating disorder, which affects more than 1 million men in America, has only recently been recognized by the American Psychiatric Association as a disorder of its own, that needs further study.
Ninety-five percent of the U.S. population has cravings for “pleasure” or “comfort” foods. The other five percent crave alcohol, cigarettes, or some other addictive substance. Having cravings, and fulfilling them, is a natural human instinct.
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A typical binge may include eating anywhere from 1000 to 15000 calories at a time. In fact, it is not uncommon to actually have a “food hangover” the day following an especially large binge. The foods consumed are usually high in fat and are eaten in a relatively short period of time, putting an enormous amount of stress on the digestive and endocrine（内分泌的）systems. BED is different from the two other characteristic eating disorders, anorexia and bulimia. Anorexia is a condition of slow, self starvation; bulimia is a binging and vomiting syndrome.
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BED is a unique eating disorder, especially when it comes to men. While only 5% to 10% of people with anorexia and bulimia nervosa are male, it is estimated that BED affects a much greater proportion of men. According to Dr. Anne Becker of the Harvard Eating Disorders Center, “The ratio of females to males with this disorder is about 1.5 to 1.0 or about 40% men.” Dr. Becker adds, “Binge eating disorder has become more recognizable by doctors as more attention is given to weight control in the clinical setting.”
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Unlike bulimia, where people eat and then purge, there is no counteraction to bingeing. Therefore, weight gain is a likely effect. As noted above, men with BED are often overweight to begin with. The effects of BED on health include all the possible consequences of overweight or obesity—diabetes, hypertension, and heart disease.
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Treatment with medications such as antidepressants may be helpful for some individuals. Self-help groups also may be a source of support. Researchers are still trying to determine which method or combination of methods is the most effective in controlling binge eating disorder. The type of treatment that is best for an individual is a matter for discussion between the patient and his or her health care provider. Some organizations do provide professional and confidential treatment and information, such as the National Eating Disorders Organization, Overeaters Anonymous, and Males and Eating Disorders, etc.
A. There are some common characteristics of men who have BED. Most are overweight, with a history of depression, low assertiveness, and poor self-esteem. Similar to all people with eating disorders, men with BED view themselves in a negative light and allow food to control their lives in order to compensate for their lack of control in other areas such as work or family matters.
B. BED is formally characterized by the American Psychiatric Association in the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual for Mental Disorders (DSM-IV) according to the following five criteria:
1) Recurring binge eating（暴食）episodes. An episode of binge eating is characterized by both of the following:
• eating an amount of food that is definitely larger than most people would eat in a similar amount of time under similar circumstances;
• a sense of lack of control over eating during the episode.
2) The binge eating episodes are associated with the following:
• eating much more rapidly than you usually would
• eating until you feel uncomfortably full
• eating large amounts of food when you don’t physically feel hungry
• eating alone because of embarrassment at how much you are eating
• feeling disgusted with yourself, depressed, or very guilty after overeating
3) Binge eating causes emotional and physical stress or remorse.
4) The binge eating occurs, on average, at least two days a week for six months or more.
5) The binge eating is not followed by other inappropriate behaviors such as purging, fasting, excessive exercises and does not occur exclusively during episodes of other eating disorders, such as anorexia nervosa (神经性厌食症）or bulimia nervosa（神经性贪食症）.
C. An ever more serious consequence is death. According to Dr. Ken Stephenson, a psychotherapist who specializes in treating males with eating disorders, “People with eating disorders have the highest mortality rate of all psychiatric patients.” Isn’t that a good enough reason to seek help now?
D. Another common characteristic of men with BED is that they fail to address their own personal needs, and instead, turn to food. For these men, food can be a great sedative（镇静剂） and a means of suppressing feelings of anger, guilt, despondency, and sadness. Men with eating disorders tend to eat in private, not wanting to alert others to their habit. This increases the feelings of isolation and sadness, and creates another vicious cycle.
E. Men with symptoms of BED need to seek treatment as soon as possible. The longer a person waits, the greater the risk to their health. Treatment of the disorder generally includes cognitive-behavioral or interpersonal therapy performed by a licensed clinician. Cognitive-behavioral therapy teaches patients techniques to monitor and change their eating habits as well as to change the way they respond to difficult situations. Interpersonal psychotherapy helps people examine their relationships with friends and family and make changes in problem areas.
F. But BED is more than an occasional craving for a sweet snack. At first, eating may satisfy cravings. But eventually the eating becomes more and more frequent, and higher in calories and fat. This overeating leads to feelings of self-disgust and guilt, which may cause a person to eat even more.
快速阅读全文要点词句可知本文主要讲BED暴食症的症状和其与厌食症和贪食症的区别。BED是一种独特的饮食失调，男性患者的比例比女性高。患者大多超重，有抑郁史，缺乏自信。BED对健康的影响包括超重或肥胖的所有可能后果，即糖尿病，高血压和心脏病。患有BED症状的患者需要尽早接受治疗，学会控制饮食习惯和改变应对困难情况的方式。
文章第1段引出了BED暴食症这类疾病，第2段讲全美95%都渴望食物满足自己，5%的人通过香烟，酒精等满足自己，通过这些不同人的渴望告诉读者拥有渴望并满足它们是人类的本能。本段中的关键词为“craving”。第4段讲到BED患者饮食特点和BED与厌食症和贪食症的区别。可知第三段的内容应该是讲BED患者对食物的渴望及表现。F选项正是讲的这一内容，则F选项为第47题答案。
第4段第4句讲BED和厌食症，贪食症这两种特征性饮食失调症不同，第5句讲厌食症和贪食症的症状，但是并没有讲BED的详细症状特征。则第5段的内容就应该是BED患者的症状特点。B选项的内容正是BED的症状特征，故第48题正确选项为B。
第6段讲BED患者中男性患者比女性高。随着临床中环境中对体重控制的重视程度的提高，医生们对BED的认识也越来越多。接下来的段落讲述的肯定是和患有BED的男性的普遍特征相关，A选项正好讲述的是一些男性患者的共同特征，故第49题正确选项为A。
理由同49题。A选项首句“There are some common characteristics of men who have BED.”讲述患有患有BED的男性患者的一些共同特征。D选项首句“Another common characteristic of men with BED is that they fail to address their own personal needs, and instead, turn to food.”讲述患有BED的男性患者的另一些共同特征。 故第50题正确选项为D。
第9段的最后1句“The effects of BED on health include all the possible consequences of overweight or obesity—diabetes, hypertension, and heart disease.”讲述BED对患者的健康带来的一些可能的后果。C选项的首句“An ever more serious consequence is death.”讲更严重的后果，结构层次上是递进关系。故第51题正确选项为
通过52题的段落，我们可知患有BED会死亡，我们应该寻求帮助。作为患者，肯定是寻求医生的帮助，得到治疗。而F选项的首句“Men with symptoms of BED need to seek treatment as soon as possible. ”有BED症状的患者需要尽快寻求帮助。E选项段落可知拖延寻求帮助越久，健康风险越大。也给出了临床中医生给出的诊疗方法。和52题段落的信息是衔接的，故正确选项为E。
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