华慧考博：考博阅读理解词义猜测题该怎么去猜？
华慧考博：考博阅读理解词义猜测题该怎么去猜？
我们在做阅读理解题时，经常会遇到有些题要求我们猜测熟词僻词的含义，代词的指代关系等。那么如何才能猜得又快又准呢？答案是语境，也就是根据上下文的逻辑关系或者线索词来猜。既然出题人要求我们去猜一些生僻词的含义，他们并不是想纯粹考我们认不认识这个单词，而是考查有没有读懂该词所在句子，以及句子间，段落间的逻辑关系乃至整篇文章的主旨有没有看懂。下面华慧考博老师通过一些例子来说明应该如何找逻辑线索来破题。
例1：89. What does “ it” in Paragraph 4 refer to?
A. creativity
B. depression
C. self-reflective
D. population
原文第4段：Nevertheless, depression strikes artists ten times more often than it does the general population. The link, however, is not creativity. Artists are more likely to be self-reflective and to think things through. And that thinking style—as opposed to creativity itself—is a hallmark of depression and commonly leads to it.
【分析】这里需要考生推断第4段最后的代词it指代的含义。it一般是指代前面单数的名词。第一句谈到艺术家通常会比普通人抑郁10倍，这是在描述一个社会现象。第2-3句是解释该现象的原因。最后一句话and开头，说明也是进一步解释该现象的原因，说明艺术家的thinking style思维方式是导致抑郁的原因。因此it就是指depression。答案选B。
【总结】这里最关键的是了解句子背后的写作目的，分析第四段句子间的逻辑关系，得出是提出现象—解释原因的关系。
例2：79. When they are saying "get this burden off my back," the dry-cleaner owners refer to_________.
A. the competition in the business of dry cleaning
B. the pressure from EPA
C. their potential profit
D. their selling point
文章倒数第二段：Most dry-cleaners currently use chlorinated hydrocarbons such as perchloroethylene. But the US Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) is clamping down on the toxic waste emission this produces. After cleaning with the new machines, the liquid CO2 is evaporated and collected for reuse, leaving a residue of detergent and dirt.
文章最后一段：Brad Lienhart, president of MiCelI, says that cutting waste and pollution is the company’s strongest selling point. "Dry-cleaner owners are saying "get this burden off my back’," he says. He hopes to sell a hundred machines in the first year of business. About 15000 conventional dry-cleaning machines are sold around the world every year. Buster Bell, who owns Bell Laundry and Dry Cleaning in South Carolina, says the MiCell technology looks competitive, and he likes the reduced environmental impact. "You really don’t know what is coming from the EPA," he says.
【分析】这道题很多同学根据题干直接定位到最后一段第二句，然后看该句的前后两句，就选择了D项。正确的解题思路是先审题，题干问的是干洗店老板说这句话指的是什么？get this burden off my back这里的this指代需要看前面，倒数第二段第一句话先说明的一个现状：很多干洗店老板现在使用绿化泾。接着谈到美国环保局（EPA）严厉打击这种物质产生的有毒的废弃排放，并说明用新机器洗，液态二氧化碳得到蒸发和收集重复使用。也就是要严厉取缔大多数干洗店正在使用的那些有毒物质的洗涤剂。因此本题干洗店老板说的话this burden 就是来自EPA的施压取缔目前的使用的有毒洗涤剂。答案选B。而D选项不是干洗店老板的卖点，而是公司的卖点。
【总结】本题要求猜测句子含义，涉及到段落间的逻辑分析。因此做题时不简单定位到对应段落，先认真审题，再分析句子间，段落间逻辑关系以及句子背后的写作意图和行文思路很重要。
当然，在做词义猜测题时，我们也可以根据定义法，通过定语从句，同位语从句解释其含义来猜测；也可以根据上下义关系，理论和例证关系，因果关系，转折关系等多重句子间逻辑来推断。建立在文章语境的基础上去猜，才能猜得对。同时我们平时读文章时，也不要一遇到生词就查，多结合上下文和文章语境去理解，这样阅读速度才会提升。
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